Operators
Increment / Decrement Operators
| Operator | Explanation |
| n++ | Post-Incrementation (First it returns value; then increments) |
| ++n | Pre-Incrementation (First it increments value; then returns) |
| n-- | Post-Decrementation (First it returns value; then decrements) |
| --n | Pre-Decrementation (First it decrements value; then returns) |
Logical Operators
And, Or, XOr, Negation
| Operator | Explanation |
| & | Logical AND (Both operands should be true) Evaluates both operands, even if left-hand operand returns false. |
| && | Conditional AND (Both operands should be true) Doesn't evaluate right-hand operand, if left-hand operand returns false. |
| | | Logical OR (At least any one operand should be true) Evaluates both operands, even if left-hand operand returns true. |
| || | Conditional OR (At least any one operand should be true) Doesn't evaluate right-hand operand, if left-hand operand returns true. |
| ^ | Logical Exclusive OR - XOR (Any one operand only should be true) Evaluates both operands. |
| ! | Negation (true becomes false; False becomes true) |
is
| Expression | Meaning |
another_variable.property is value | another_variable.property == value |
another_variable.property is < value | another_variable.property < value |
another_variable.property is > value | another_variable.property > value |
another_variable.property is <= value | another_variable.property <= value |
another_variable.property is >= value | another_variable.property >= value |
another_variable.property is expression1 and expression2 | another_variable.property == expression1 && another_variable.property == expression2 |
another_variable.property is not expression | another_variable.property != expression |
Null Operators
Coalescing
The 'null coalescing operator' checks whether the value is null or not.
- It returns the left-hand-side operand if the value is not null.
- It returns the right-hand-side operand if the value is null.
- Simplifying the syntax of the 'if statement' to check if the value is null.
variableName ?? valueIfNull
Propagation
The Null Propagation Operator (?.) and (?[]) checks the value of the left-hand operand whether it is null or not.
- It returns the right-hand-side operand (property or method), if the value is not null.
- It returns null, if the value is null.
- It accesses the property or method, only if the reference variable is "not null"; just returns "null", if the reference variable is "null".
referenceVariable?.fieldName;
// Is same as:
(referenceVariable == null) ? null : referenceVariable.fieldName;