In symmetric encryption, a single key is used for both the encryption and decryption of the data. This means that the same key is shared between the communicating parties.
The main advantage of symmetric encryption is its speed and efficiency. It is generally faster than asymmetric encryption.
However, the challenge lies in securely distributing and managing the shared key, especially when parties are not physically close.
Common symmetric encryption algorithms include Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES).
Asymmetric
Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys: a public key and a private key. The public key is shared openly, while the private key is kept secret.
Any data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key, and vice versa.
Asymmetric encryption is more secure in terms of key distribution, as the private key remains secret and does not need to be shared.
It is computationally more expensive than symmetric encryption, making it less efficient for large volumes of data.
Common asymmetric encryption algorithms include RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography).